A Grand Chain Of Rebellion First Beginning Of The...

Over the last 200 years, new ideas, particularly about science and experimentation, influenced philosophers to pick and choose some of the ideas of the previous eras to create their own new and unique understanding of the world. Intellectual movements that influenced recent history are part of a grand chain of rebellion first started in the Renaissance era. Renaissance era covers the 300 years from 1400 to 1699 and is characterized by a revival of Classical scholarship, wisdom and values. European culture was reborn in the 15th century after a long dormant period in the Middle Ages that extended from the fall of the Roman Empire until the beginning of the 14th century. In addition to the revival of Classical scholarship, the Renaissance period also experienced cultural, scientific and technological advancements such as the discovery and exploration of new continents, the adoption of Copernicus’s and Galileo’s views of the earth and solar system, the decline of the feudal system, the growth of commerce, and the invention of paper, printing press, the mariner’s compass, and gunpowder. The characteristics of Renaissance were first noticeable in Italy in late 14th and early 15th century during which new ideas about political order and a heightened consciousness of the artist as an aspiring individual began to take root. There was a thirst for Classical learning and a desire to create a humanism from that learning. This period saw the birth of humanism lead by notableShow MoreRelatedThe Philippine Architecture: Spanish Colonial Period18287 Words   |  74 PagesOcean in 1513, becoming the first European to lead an expedition to have seen or reached the Pacific from the New World. Conquest of Mexico, Peru (1519 The Spanish under Cortes conquer Mexico. In 1531, Spain conquers Peru under Pizarro. These major events make Spain a world power of the time and the influence of their armies, Catholicism and wealth is felt in both the New World and in Europe, leading to the Golden Age of Spain. The search for â€Å"Spice Islands† The first Portuguese exploratory expeditionRead MoreShivaji Maharaj8072 Words   |  33 Pagescomprehend the pragmatic approach of Shivaji, which was most practical given his humble beginnings, brand him as a mere plunderer and looter and equate him with ordinary dacoits. Between these two poles of emotions, Shivaji, the man, is on the verge of extinction. This is an attempt to resurrect him. In the process of understanding Shivaji, few events need to be understood. In the long list of those events, first one is about his grandfather, Maloji Bhonsale and his great grandfather Babaji BhonsaleRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagescoherent unit. The beginnings and ends of what we choose to call centuries are almost invariably years of little significance. But there is little agreement over when the twentieth century c.e. arrived, and there were several points both before the year 2000 (the collapse of the Soviet Union, the reunification of Germany, the surge of globalization from the mid-1990s) and afterward (9/11, or the global recession of 2008) when one could quite plausibly argue that a new era had begun. A compellingRead MoreMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 PagesCentre d Étude des Communications de Masse (École Pratique des Hautes Eludes, Paris) which publishes Communications, the Polish Academy of Sciences, which organized the international symposium where one of the papers that constitute Chapter 5 was first read, and the Festival of the New Cinema (Pesaro, Italy), which organized the round-table discussion during which the last chapter in this volume was originally presented. The idea of bringing together a number of my essays in a single volume, thusRead MoreCrossing the Chasm76808 Words   |  308 Pagesearly days products and categories were synonymous because technologies were on their first cycles. But today we have multiple decades of invention to build on, and a new offer is no longer quite as new or unprecedented as it used to be. The marketplace is therefore able to absorb this notquite-so-new technology in gulps, for a while letting one company come to the fore, but substituting another should the first company stumble. Finally, let me close by noting technological changes do not live inRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesStates and throughout the world? How can companies renew and sustain those factors in the face of the business slowdowns and major fluctuations that challenge the longterm continuation of profitable earnings? As we continue to experience the twenty-first century’s economic, social, and political churning, how will these driving factors be influenced by the brutally competitive global economy in which organizations do not have any particular geographic identity or travel under any particular national

Breast Milk vs Formula - 898 Words

71% of American Woman breastfeed their babies. After a few months only 2/3 of women who breastfeed stop. Many women in industrialized nations, such as the United States, find breast feeding to be inconvenient and time consuming. Babies who are breastfed become hungry often. Approximately every one and a half to two hours a baby is hungry again. However, forumla fed babies only get hungry every 3 to 4 hours. With a busy work schdule many women feel that formula is a good alternative to breast milk. However, in early infancy nothing can replace breast milk. Breast milk is the natural food suitable for all the babies needs. Formula, on the other hand, tries to imitate it. Breast milk is the most positive and natural way to feed†¦show more content†¦Finally, the most important aspect of breast feeding is the confidence the mother gains. The ability to nourish the baby completely gives the mother a feeling of acomplishment and the ability to realize they can take care of all their babys needs and wants. Although it appears that breastmilk is the most beneficial way of feeding an infant but there are some negativies to breastfeeding. First of all, women must carefully watch their diet that breastfeed. Women who drink a lot of coffee or soda pop can make their baby more prone to irritability and restlessness. Women also have to be careful not to eat to much fish or drink to much alchol. A formula fed babys mom doesnt have to worry about what she eats at all. Secondly, women suffering from HIVS and AIDS may make breast feedings unsafe. Medications they take can actually harm the baby. Finally, many women feel the latch-on to be uncomfortable. Pain is common within the first minute but some women find it uncomfortable throughout the whole feeding. This is a sign of infection and a mother would be advised to switch to formula feeding. In conclusion, breast milk is the natural feeder for babies. However, in present day it is not uncommon to see babies being formula fed. Breas t milk is the ideal food for babies and should be the babies food source for the first six months. As stated there can be complications with breast feeding that makes formula a more reliableShow MoreRelatedBreast Feding vs. Formula Feeding862 Words   |  4 PagesBreast Feeding vs. Formula Feeding There are advantages and disadvantages to both breastfeeding and formula feeding. Some things to consider when deciding which to choose are: cost, convenience, nutrition, and the health benefits to both the baby and to the mother. In terms of cost, an advantage to breastfeeding is that breast milk is free. Its estimated that breastfeeding can save you thousands of dollars a year, depending on the brand of formula that would have been used instead. AccordingRead MoreDoe Assignment11278 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Breast Feeding Vs Bottle Feeding Controversy Jane Doe CHFD 308 American Public University Dr. John DoeBreast Feeding Vs Bottle Feeding Controversy This essay is about the breast feeding vs bottle feeding controversy. Are you depriving your infant of nutrients they need if you chose to bottle feed? Will your child be unhealthy if you chose not to breast feed? Some women feel like breast feeding is always better, some women feel like bottle feeding is just the same. Breast feeding is usuallyRead MoreBreast Feeding Vs. Formula Feeding1111 Words   |  5 PagesSoto 1 Melissa Soto Human Development Professor Daniel Marron 13 February 2015 Breast feeding vs. formula feeding One of the most imperative decision as an expectant mother is deciding whether to formula feed or breastfeed their newborn. Organizations including World Health Organization (WHO), American Medical Association (AMA), and American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) advocate breastfeeding as the advantageous option for newborns. Most of these organizations and other supporters of breastfeedingRead MoreThe Health Benefits Of Breast Feeding1451 Words   |  6 Pagesare only two choices, breastfeeding or bottle/formula feeding. Breast feeding is simply the baby sucking milk from the mother’s breasts, while formula feeding is manufactured food fed to the baby with a bottle. There are arguments for and against one or the other, but which is actually better? Below we will examine the pros and cons of both methods, in an effort to understand if one is truly better than the other. First we will look at the pros of Breast-feeding. According to the Office on Women’sRead MoreThe Breast Vs. Bottle Debate1718 Words   |  7 Pages The Breast vs. Bottle Debate Deciding whether to formula feed or breastfeed ones baby is one of the biggest and most crucial decisions expectant and new parents will make before giving birth. Organizations such as World Health Organizations (WHO), American Medical Association (AMA), American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), and American Dietetic Association recommend breastfeeding as the best option for the newborn. Most of these organizations and other supporters of breastfeeding affirm that it defendsRead MoreBreast Feeding Vs. The Bottle1326 Words   |  6 PagesBreast-feeding vs. The Bottle: The Decision is yours â€Å"Some mothers have to give up breastfeeding even though they want to breastfeed. To give up breastfeeding can be a sensitive issue in a time when breastfeeding is promoted as the healthiest for mother and child† (Larsen Kronborg, 2013, p. 848). The debate over whether breast-feeding is better than bottle-feeding or vice versa has been a debate for many years. With more and more research that is continuously being developed, the option to breast-feedRead MoreThe Vs. Formula For Infants Essay1090 Words   |  5 Pages Boobies Vs Formula When a woman delivers a baby, she has many questions to think about, like what shots to give them, where the baby should sleep, and what type of diapers they should use. One of the hardest decisions a new mother has to make is whether or not to breastfeed their baby. For years, mothers have been debating what would be more beneficial for the baby, breastfeeding or formula. â€Å"Several health organizations, including the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), the American MedicalRead MoreInfant Nutrition: What is best for your baby - breast milk or formula?1795 Words   |  8 Pagesmake for your baby is whether to feed your baby breast milk or formula. Many women today are opting for formula, but what is the best choice? There are advantages and disadvantages to both breastfeeding and formula feeding. You need to carefully weigh the pros and cons before you make your decision. There are very distinct nutritional differences between breast milk and formula. Nutritional ly, breast milk is exactly what your baby needs. Breast milk will also help protect your baby from a largeRead MoreBreastfeeding VS Formula Bottle-feeding Essay1112 Words   |  5 Pages Breastfeeding vs. Formula Bottle-feeding Every mother of a newborn baby must make a very personal decision when it comes to how they are going to feed their infant. I was faced with that decision 3 years ago when I had my first son who I named Ethen. It was one of the very hardest decisions I had to make. I had to consider all the good benefits of breast feeding as well as the benefits of formula bottle-feeding, but the good benefits of breastfeeding outnumbered the bottle feeding ones. I finallyRead MoreExpository Essay - Breastfeeding1448 Words   |  6 Pagesdoctors and medical organizations around the world have declared breastfeeding as optimal nutrition for an infant. One important factor of breastfeeding is breast-milk is specifically formulated for each individual infant by each mother. The composition of breast-milk is constantly changing to meet the changing demands of an infant. Breast-milk contains the exact amount of nutrients and antibodies that each infant requires for good physical health. Moreover, breastf eeding has been proven to strengthen

Childhood StudiesManagement

Question: Write an Eassay on Childhood Studies? Answer: Childhood Studies This essay will design and critically evaluate a suitable dissemination strategy for the research project discussed in Enright and OSullivans Can I do it in my pyjamas? (2010). Enright and OSullivan used a Participatory Action Research over a three year period in a secondly school in Limerick, Ireland (Enright and O'Sullivan, 2010). The essay will explore how an effective dissemination will support to successful distribution of information to parents, the local community, social media and policy makers. With advantages and disadvantages of getting this qualitative evidence-based research to above targeted audiences, allowing the implementation of early interventions and recommendations which will benefit all end users and these will be discussed (Bryderup, 2008). This smaller segment of project, forms part of this transformative dialogue intended to foster the improvement of teaching of PE in their secondary education. The girls narratives endeavor to explain their feelings of their own experiences of PE lessons and why they didnt particularly enjoy PE lessons. As PE lessons plays a significant role in girls health and with the many health benefits of physical activity, the non-engagement in PE lessons has been blamed towards the actual PE curriculum and the lack of girl-friendly activities (Enright and OSullivan, 2010). This research has a core objective of discussing PE curriculum, with the original assumption the girls were happy with their PE lessons, which were providing the necessary curriculum, it is clear from this research, the girls wanted something different, in which they could engage and enjoy. The need to disseminate the outcomes of evidence to a particular community will only be achievable and successful if, from the outset, everyone involved in the research has a shared understanding of what they wish to disseminate and why. It is essential, therefore, that a design and shared vision with a common understanding of the findings to disseminate, and who may stand to benefit from Enright and OSullivans findings. A participatory approach can serve to promote the girls meaningful engagement in the evaluation and the varying of their PE lessons. The five girl co-researchers were selected from group of 41, and have been chosen through their different social positions within the class. The qualitative data was collected through individual and group discussions by way of photographs and posters to help guide the dialogues. Effective dissemination: Networking by researchers using the research evidence, and what the research findings might mean for policy and practice are sometimes uncertain, as the results have yet to be utilized in society and unknown. Dissemination is important at the end of a research project, as to make maximum impact eventually on policy and with the findings reaching a wide range of audiences to enable discussions of the findings which will bring change (Ballew et al., 2010). Robb focuses on the different types of discourse within childhood and youth research that reflect the different approaches researchers employ to share their work with a range of audiences across academic, policy and practice arenas. In this chapter, Robb highlights how research dissemination is an important consideration for researchers during the planning stages of their research (Barnes, 2000). Robb states engaging wider interested audiences, as they would be benefited from reading (Robb, 1949). Findings ca n be discussed within the local community and to the wider scope of policy makers in education services and government. To raise awareness their project can impact and target a variety of groups using different methods of dissemination, emails, workshops, group meetings, conferences, the internet, seminars and presentations to name a few. All of these methods come with advantages and disadvantages. Pascal and Bertram (2014) discuss how research practitioners must listen and reflect on what children are saying. When disseminating a project a praxeological approach which reflects practice and an awareness to the power imbalances, in this respect between the girls and the researchers (Armour and MacDonald, 2012). Power is held by the researchers, however much childrens voices are listened to, as the researchers would be considered to be knowledgeable through their previous experience of dissemination. It is considered brave to re-organize the power and give the inexperienced girls an opportunity to design a dissemination strategy with the girls rights being addressed, assist and be prepared to challenge and unlock their ideas and strengths (Pascal and Bertram page 270 2014). Impact: Firstly, to gain maximum impact of research findings, it would be necessary to have details of the many agencies and government organizations supporting and promoting the involvement PE lessons in Ireland. This research project is important as is includes young peoples voices in physical education and youth support (Bryderup, 2008). The target group therefore, would be the young population. Potential barriers to reaching particular audiences might include unwillingness to express their concerns, over influence of parents and so on (Johansson, 2009). As this focuses on the girls voice, including them as an active participants are of utmost importance. Education Department Policy Makers: Using a PowerPoint to present pictures of their PE lessons, will inform policy makers attending conferences in health and education. Through promoting awareness to policy makers and users is the key factor of disseminating a project. The disseminating strategy to target audiences of policy makers within the department of education (Irish education system) for PE curriculum would be via conference meetings inviting policy makers, and practitioners involved in physical activity and sport as a whole (Crum, 2009). As Enright and OSullivan discuss on page 205, body image is an element of why the girls are not partaking in PE, with the girls bodies on sight for all to see, the stereotypical girl is that they are expected to be still and quiet. Raising awareness of the difficulties girls families experience can impact on policy makers. Parents and Community Visual materials make the message more real as seeing their emotions can have a powerful impact on the people watching. The girls who participated in the visual material and research being undertaken need to be informed on how the research will be disseminated and how it can make a change to them and their families. Audio-visual materials can have a direct impact on people rather than just listening to information, especially when children are speaking their thoughts and perspectives. By providing the girls parents details and information about the findings, could help them to join in bringing family together and starting to enjoy physical education together, keeping fit, which may also help change dietary habits, if necessary (Kehily, 2009). The healthy body and healthy mind connection is the most important factor to the much happier life. The local community: The local gym that Kelly started to attend as part of her case study research project would be interested in this research. As Kelly left due to the cost, if the school combined with the gym, were to discuss the membership fees, it would be beneficial to the girls and the gym, allowing student memberships, therefore encouraging the younger community into the gym and get fit (Carse, 2015). This shows that there is a need in the local community where the girls, as the girls seemed to need to be in a group with the security it provided by joint action is something that came from the research data. Journals: To get the findings across to a broad spectrum of professionals, a professional journal would be appropriate. An effective way to get information out to the necessary Education departments in Ireland which could bring changes in the PE curriculum would be via Professional or policy journals. The Journal of Teaching in Physical Education which Enright and OSullivan mention would be a reasonable journal to put the findings into. The advantages of using a professional journal are numerous. The audience would be likeminded, being interested in the subject and working in a similar field. Policy makers and practitioners will regularly read journals, but these are not a highly recommended as peer reviewed articles. The research article could be of interest and of value to a variety of audiences that could change from PE. Education services (or professionals) and teachers could learn the importance of social networks left. Mass media: Before the internet, dissemination of research findings would be linear, a straight line of getting the information from the research to policy makers, probably published in a journal relevant to the research. However, today the research can be dissemination far more interactive, with the social media, blogging and forums, the audience much is vast and diverse which makes it invaluable in facilitating dissemination (page 243). However, there are important ethical considerations which have to be addressed. Journalists use the internet to identify researchers and possibly comment or provide an expert perspective on a story they are developing, and enquiries sometimes come completely out of the blue. However, when someone else is summarizing research, there is always a potential risk that they could present simplistic, sensational, or inaccurate or misrepresented. Therefore it is necessary when possible for researchers to work closely with journalists, and check press releas es before publication. Social media: giving children and young people access to the schools computers to keep in touch with their peers, to keep social relationships with families they had a connection with from the centers, while there is the disadvantage are of a limited circulation. Links via the website will offer the participant further information to investigate, including journals and Irelands department of education (Burden, Hodge and Harrison, 2012). The significance of dissemination and its impact becomes increasingly recognized, and researchers should use more innovative methods, such as websites, blogs, video, conferences, drama, and even exhibitions. Robbs twitter discusses how writing regular weblogs or online diaries is an online tool that began as a forum for sharing personal experiences or expressing strident political opinions began to be used by academics and researchers (Quay and Peters, 2008). This tool would be useful for the girls as they can continue their journey in research by dis cussing with others their experiences of PE. This may encourage other children to air their opinions and argue the need for change in their PE lessons. There are potential barriers to using internet as it can be difficult to create an audience, if the audience doesnt know you are there. There can be a conflict of agreement between readers which is open to abuse. The internet is a powerful tool for disseminating research to a wider audience through social media sites and blogs but this cannot always work when targeting specific audiences, as not all people have access to the internet or own a computer. Additionally, Face book, Twitter and diary blogs pages needs to be kept up to date and regularly edited so other peoples comments or queries can be answered. Information need to be gathered for future researchers to review through journals and websites, and this needs to be kept up-to-date and be closely monitored. Ethical issues: Dissemination raises important ethics questions. When research is disseminated, it has to involve people, which may challenge or upset them, by being identified in public. But while dissemination raises complex issues, it has also been argued that the girls do have an ethical duty to try to make their research findings widely known and, and allowed to be acted upon. The full consent from the girls and their parents need to be documented to show that, participants are fully aware how and who the data will be disseminated, as the girls need to be aware that the their voices will be heard and communicated to benefit them and others as a true depiction of their narratives (Weber, 2013). The girls need to be informed that can choose to remain anonymous and understand their participating in the research can be stopped by themselves or the researchers during the course of the research. Further research A recommendation to make would be the suggestion to research children's narratives on a larger scale both boys and girls. Enright and OSullivan (2010) study focuses just five girls 15-19 (McTaggart, 1994). To encourage feedback from users and policy makers attending, questionnaires will be provided to analyze feedback that can be anonymous if desired. To conclude, it can be said that the girls were co-researchers in the design, implementation and evaluation of their own PE curriculum. The findings suggest that participatory approaches to research and curriculum-making can serve to promote students meaningful engagement in the critique and the re-imagining of their PE and physical activity experiences (Clarke, 2006). Using childrens voices in the dissemination needs to be conducted in a sensitive way, with the impact of their narratives need to be heard for policy makers to make a positive difference to children's lives. According to Behura (2005), girls voices are important to hear. This project does give valuable sources of evidence on their perspectives and experiences and what they want in their own PE curriculum in their secondary school in Limerick. References Armour, K. and MacDonald, D. (2012).Research methods in physical education and youth sport. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. Ballew, P., Brownson, R., Haire-Joshu, D., Heath, G. and Kreuter, M. (2010). Dissemination of effective physical activity interventions: are we applying the evidence?.Health Education Research, 25(2), pp.185-198. Barnes, R. (2000). Pupils Self-talk and Feedback to Teachers.curric teach, 15(1), pp.65-76. Bryderup, I. (2008).Evidence based and knowledge based social work. Denmark: Danish School of Education, Aarhus University Press. Burden, J., Hodge, S. and Harrison, L. (2012). Teacher Educators Views about Social Justice Pedagogies in Physical Education Teacher Education.JCT, 1(1). Carse, N. (2015). Primary teachers as physical education curriculum change agents.European Physical Education Review. Clarke, L. (2006). "Talk to the Hand, Girl": Using Texts to Explore Student Voice.English Journal, 95(3), p.56. Crum, B. (2009). From Crisis to Revival-on Justification of PE as a School Subject and PE Curriculum Development in The Netherlands.Japanese Journal of Sport Education Studies, 28(2), pp.43-49. Enright, E. and O'Sullivan, M. (2010). 'Can I do it in my pyjamas?' Negotiating a physical education curriculum with teenage girls.European Physical Education Review, 16(3), pp.203-222. Johansson, G. (2009). Parental involvement in the development of a culture based school curriculum.Intercultural Education, 20(4), pp.311-319. Kehily, M. (2009).An introduction to childhood studies. Maidenhead, England: Open University Press. McTaggart, R. (1994). Participatory Action Research: issues in theory and practice.Educational Action Research, 2(3), pp.313-337. O'Sullivan, M. and MacPhail, A. (2010).Young people's voices in physical education and youth sport. London: Routledge. Quay, J. and Peters, J. (2008). Skills, strategies, sport, and social responsibility: reconnecting physical education.Journal of Curriculum Studies, 40(5), pp.601-626. Robb, F. (1949). The speech curriculum in the teacher training program.The Southern Speech Journal, 14(4), pp.229-232. Weber, J. (2013). Advances in Graduate Marketing Curriculum: Paying Attention to Ethical, Social, and Sustainability Issues.Journal of Marketing Education, 35(2), pp.85-94.

Relational Databases Essays - Database Theory, Data Management

Relational Databases Relational databases have long been associated with big enterprises, but lately theyve been finding their way to an audience of different users. Now, most large-scale web sites use databases for at least some portion of their content. User registration information, inventory records, and event calendars are all managed through a database. Databases are applications running on the server that provides quick and efficient access to large amounts of organized data. In addition to storing information, databases can establish a relationship among various pieces of data, provide powerful sorting, searching, and merging capabilities. Databases can also help manage access to data by supporting multiple users with different capabilities and levels of access. A database management system, or DBMS, gives the user access to their data and helps them transform the data into information. Such database management systems include dBase, Paradox, IMS, and Oracle. These systems allow users to create, update, and extract information from their databases. Compared to a manual filing system, the biggest advantages to a computerized database system are speed, accuracy, and accessibility. A database is a structured collection of data. Data refers to the characteristics of people, things, and events. Oracle stores each item in its own field. The name of a field usually reflects its contents. Each DBMS has its own rules for naming the data fields. A field has little meaning unless it is seen within the context of other fields. In Oracle, the fields relating to a particular person, thing, or event are bundled together to form a single, complete unit of data, called a record. Each record is made up of a number of fields. No two fields in a record can have the same field name. During an Oracle database design project, the analysis of your business needs identifies all the fields or attributes of interest. Relational systems started the current domination in database solutions around 1985. The most popular relational database management systems include Oracle, Ingres, and Informix. The key characteristics of a relational database are: Objects have a complex relationship to each other, which is the key to the way a relational database works. Queries can be based on complex relationships between objects. Relational databases support sophisticated transaction-based updates, and provide update tools that make use of these. The database is essentially centralized. In some cases, there is limited replication to give copies of the entire database. The schema is entirely application/user defined. A relational database is a general-purpose tool, which can be used to deal with a very wide range of problems. Generally, multiple databases do not share common schema. The first characteristic is the key benefit of a relational system. Whenever there is a need to perform sophisticated analysis on data and the relationship between elements of data is non-trivial; a relational database is a good choice. The key strength of a relational database is the ability to make complex queries about the relations between objects. Examples of relational systems include an accounting system or an enterprise resource planning system. Oracle makes it very easy to link the data in multiple tables. It stores data in two or more tables and enables you to define relationships between the tables. The link is based on one or more fields common to both tables. Common features among relational databases include: Persistent storage of arbitrary size Transaction management for concurrency Transaction management for recovery Authorization and security Consistency and integrity Query language Logical and physical data independence Application generation Client-server distributed database Databases support three kinds of data. Transient data lasts only for the invocation of a single program. Stable data is recoverable data that is resilient to failure. Persistent data is accessible beyond the process that creates it. In relational databases, persistency is obtained by all data stored in tables. SQL operations are automatically applicable to these data and the database stores all changes. Database transaction is a unit on a database that takes it from one consistent state to another consistent state. Relational database transactions are short. The system strives to complete them in the shortest possible time so that the database resources can be freed for other concurrent transactions. Transaction management serves the purpose of database recovery. The principal devices to recover